Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin condition that speeds up the life cycle of skin cells. Normally, skin cells grow and shed over about a month, but with psoriasis, this process happens in just a few days, causing skin cells to build up on the surface.

Key features:

Appearance: Raised, red patches covered with silvery-white scales (called plaques)

Common sites: Elbows, knees, scalp, lower back, and sometimes nails

Symptoms: Itching, burning, soreness, and dry cracked skin that may bleed

Types:

Plaque psoriasis (most common)

Guttate psoriasis (small, drop-like spots)

Inverse psoriasis (in skin folds)

Pustular psoriasis (pus-filled bumps)

Erythrodermic psoriasis (severe, widespread redness)

Causes and triggers:

It’s caused by an overactive immune system attacking healthy skin cells. While the exact cause isn’t fully understood, it’s influenced by:

Genetics

Stress

Infections (like strep throat)

Cold weather

Skin injury (Koebner phenomenon)

Certain medicationsManagement:

There’s no cure yet, but treatment can control flare-ups:

Topical treatments: Corticosteroids, vitamin D analogs, coal tar, moisturizers

Phototherapy:

Controlled UV light exposure

Systemic medications:

Methotrexate, cyclosporine, biologics (adalimumab, etanercept)

Lifestyle: Stress reduction, healthy diet, avoiding triggers.

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